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The Computer Did WHAT?

By: Grey Staples, CDP, CCP
(This article first appeared in the Computer Press, February, 1989, Phoenix, Arizona)

How many times have you heard a PC expert lecturing about the need for computer users to backup their data files? More than once, I hope. Rather than repeat that exercise, I would like to describe some real world problems where the lack of a proper backup cost the user real money. My business specializes in PC Data Recovery. I get the computers with NO backups and various hard disk failures. Embarrassment is only one of the emotions the particular user presents to us.

How Many Backups? More Than One, Please!

In the first story, the PC user had a 40 megabyte drive with their Name and Address dBase file occupying a few megabytes, and containing 10,000 records. They were dutifully taking a daily Backup (Fastback in this case) to a dozen diskettes. Unfortunately they had only ONE set of diskettes! So, what's the problem? They were backing up the data, weren't they? Yes, but... One day, right after they had entered a quantify of new data, the computer decided to fail at the worst possible moment. They were twelve diskettes into an expected fifteen diskette backup when the hardware decided to produce a "Sector not found" error, terminating the partial backup. Not to worry, they could always just restore the data from yesterday's copy? Not really, since they had just written over all the diskettes from yesterday during today's backup. Now what? They had a bad hard disk file, and an incomplete backup copy.

The recovery strategy was fairly straight forward. Luckily we were able to find an empty 10 megabyte partition and trick Fastback into restoring the current twelve diskettes of data. This left an erased file with all the available data. An un-erase utility was used to rescue the file. Home free, right? Well, not quite so fast. Unfortunately the hardware had been going "sour" for a while, so what we recovered was full of extraneous data. The effect is what I call "Swiss Cheese", that is, full of holes. Blocks of alien data were interspersed with the "real" data. Something like a part of a zip code index clobbering blocks of Name and Address data.

The dark side of this problem was that the user had to pay thousands of dollars to rekey the entire data base!!!

How Many Backups? Eight was not enough!

Then there was the PC user who had eight tapes and was taking a daily tape backup of their manufacturing, work in progress, data. Sounds adequate, right? But, more than eight days ago, they started seeing warning messages about a File Allocation problem. Their consultant incorrectly told them to ignore the message since CPM on their TeleVideo computer would correct the problem. By the time they realized the extent of the problem, the computer could find only two megabytes of the expected six megabyte file. There went most of last year's data. The problem was compounded by the fact that there were no recovery programs available from either TeleVideo or Digital Research (the CPM company).

The computer was eventually transported to a data recovery company in Los Angeles. They thought their technicians might be able to find the missing data. After many weeks, and thousands of dollars, only half the data was rescued.

How Many and How Often?

It all boils down to how much work are you willing and able to redo if you needed to restore your data to an older version. If the computer "crashed" and you had to restore your files to yesterday's copy, you would loose everything done today! Would you be able to find was you did today? Don't throw out the paper work just yet. You might need it tomorrow. I thought we were evolving to a "paperless" society with everything stored safely on the computer? Not yet, folks! A favorite saying in the computer business is that it is not a question of IF your computer will break down, only a question of WHEN.

Daily backups are appropriate if your files are being updated every day. In this strategy you should save only those files changed since the last backup. If you batch all your changes for a once a month update, then a daily backup would be a waste of time. A single backup right after all the monthly changes have been entered would be best. This approach would preserve the work just completed. A single backup taken before any new changes assumes that the computer and its data will be intact since last months entry. Lots can happen in the interval.

I have seen too many users keep all their backup copies in a box right next to the computer. A burglar intent on stealing your computer would probably take all those nice diskettes as well. Thieves are not known to be nice people. A fire will melt the backup diskettes as well as the computer itself if they are next to each other. The moral of all this is to preserve your current backups away from the computer, in a locked environment, which is fire resistant. This decision is based on your worst fears.

Next is the question of periodic full backup copies which are stored elsewhere (off-site is the professional term). Our mainframe cousins take off-site backup quite seriously. Boxes of daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly tapes are routinely stored in a vault (or under a mountain). For these folks the term "disaster recovery" is a major concern. Imagine what would happen if "something" destroyed the computer at your local bank. ???

The moral of these stories is that if your computer data is worth your investment in time and personnel costs, then it is worth the cost of a few dollars in backup media. A hundred dollars with of diskettes or tapes could save you thousands of dollars of recovery, repair, or rekeying costs. If you need it, save it!

Author: Grey Staples, CDP, CCP President of Information Repair Service (now Camelback Systems), is a 25 (34) year veteran of the mainframe and micro markets. IRS, Inc. offers data recovery services for IBM Personal Computers and compatibles.

Version: August 14, 1997 Updated: 02-19-99 (9-5-2001 webstat)